Saving Seafood

Here’s how smartphones are being used to track lost fishing gear

September 5, 2018 — Cell phones are being used by fishermen to bounty hunt for lost fishing gear for pay.

California fishermen created the retrieval project last year along with the Nature Conservancy to get ropes, buoys, pots and anchors out of the water after the dungeness fishery so they wouldn’t entangle whales, and Washington and Oregon quickly followed suit.

“They are using their cell phones and its GPS to take a picture of what the gear looked like, tell when they found it, and any identifying markings on the buoy – the vessel, the ID number, and also the latitude and longitude of exactly where they found it,” said Nat Nichols, area manager for groundfish and shellfish at the Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game office in Kodiak. He added that gear loss rates in different fisheries can be “anywhere from 3 to 23 percent.”

Under a special permit, the West Coast bounty hunters head out two weeks after the dungeness crab fishery closes to search for derelict gear.

“Dungies tend to be in shallower water and that means there is more wave energy and the gear can get lost or rolled up on the beach. A lot of it has a tendency to move around because it’s in the tidal surge,” Nichols said.

The fishermen get paid $65 for every pot they pull up. The gear then goes back to the original owners who pay $100 per pot for its return.

Saving whales was the prime motivator for pot retrievals on the West Coast. In Alaska’s crab and pot cod fisheries, it’s ghost fishing and gear conflicts.

Read the full story at the Anchorage Daily News

 

Virginia: Menhaden quota bill pulled in Va. House of Delegates

March 7, 2018 — A much-lobbied bill about an oily fish that nobody eats died in the House of Delegates — but with a promise by some proponents and stern opponents to work together to push for permission to catch more.

The bill, backed by the Northam Administration, was an effort to deal with the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission’s sharp, 41.5 percent cut in a Chesapeake Bay quota for menhaden.

But the administration and Omega Protein, the owner of the Reedville plant that processes menhaden from the bay, agreed to stop fighting over the bill and work together to convince the Marine Fisheries Commission to increase the quota.

The regional commission last year approved a more than 36,000-metric-ton cut in bay quota for menhaden caught by drawing huge “seine” nets around schools of the fish and then hauling them up onto so-called “purse seine” fishing vessels.

Currently, the old marine fisheries commission quota of 87,216 metric tons for fish caught is written into state law.

Knight had proposed removing the reference in state law to the 87,216 tons and empowering the head of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission to set a new quota after appealing, and hopefully winning, an increased quota from the regional body.

Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources Matt Strickler had argued that keeping the old quota in the Code of Virginia risked sanctions that could include an outright ban on menhaden fishing in the bay.

Environmental groups — including the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, League of Conservation Voters and Nature Conservancy, as well as sports fishermen — argued that the lower quota was necessary as a precautionary measure. They fear too many young menhaden are caught in the bay, a key nursery area for the migratory fish. This could put the menhaden population at risk, as well other species, including striped bass and ospreys.

Read the full story at the Daily Press

 

Artificial Intelligence for Fisheries Monitoring

October 23, 2017 — Right now, fewer than one in five ground fishing trips in New England is monitored by an independent observer.

Fishermen say it’s too expensive, and unfair to ask them to pay the cost. The Nature Conservancy is experimenting with an alternative: video monitoring systems, and computer algorithms that could identify fish being caught and thrown overboard on every trip.

Read and listen to the full story at WCAI

Permit banking threat helped drive Canastra Rafael deal

October 6, 2017 — Richard and Raymond Canastra weren’t the only ones interested in buying Carlos Rafael’s New Bedford, Massachusetts-based fishing empire, Richard Canastra said in an interview with a local radio station on Thursday.

Several big corporations have approached both Rafael and the two brothers to inquire about either buying or investing in the 42-permit, 32 fishing vessel operation, he told drive-time, talk-show host Phil Paleologos on WBSM 1420 AM, in the nearby town of Fairhaven. But the “biggest competitors” Canastra said he was concerned about are non-governmental organizations that could buy Rafael’s permits and “bank” them.

The Nature Conservancy has been making an effort to buy up fishing permits in coastal towns, especially for groundfish, and leasing quotas to fishermen for more than a decade. Geoff Smith, marine director for the NGO’s Maine chapter, estimated that between 12 and 15 groundfish permits have been bought in New England over the past seven years, but he said the Nature Conservancy has not met with Rafael or anyone to make an offer for his permits.

“We’re not interested,” he told Undercurrent Friday. “…We’ve had no contact and we have no plans to contact anyone.”

Smith’s group was interested, two years ago, in obtaining at least one of the groundfish permits now owned by Rafael, according to Canastra.

“There was only one offer up in Maine and that was from the NGO, and I believe it was Nature Conservancy,” Canastra said, adding: “So do you want to see those permits go to an NGO, where it can be put on a shelf or the permit could be leased out to their favorites? That’s been happening since sectors.”

Read the full story at Undercurrent News

MASSACHUSETTS: Canastra Brothers Offering $93 Million for Carlos Rafael’s Fishing Fleet

October 5, 2017 — Last week in court, it was publicly revealed that the potential buyers of Carlos Rafael’s fishing fleet are brothers Richard and Ray Canastra, owners of the Whaling City Seafood Display Auction in New Bedford, Massachusetts. This morning, Richard Canastra appeared on WBSM to confirm that the brothers have entered into a memorandum of agreement with Mr. Rafael to buy his fleet for $93 million.

“We wanted to keep everything in New Bedford,” Mr. Canastra said. “Ray and I had to make a decision – do we want to do this? I’m 56 years old, Ray is 60 years old. It’s a big task…at this later stage in our life. We believe that it’s the right thing to do for New Bedford. The waterfront has been good for us since 1986, [we] started the auction in ’94, and we’d hate to see the industry collapse because of what Carlos did in the past.”

When asked about those who have raised questions about the relationship between the Canastras and Mr. Rafael, Mr. Canastra  said, “I look at it this way. We are the largest fish auction in the United States, and Carlos Rafael is the largest boat owner on the East Coast.” He said that although the Canastras and Mr. Rafael are friends, the negotiations became tense, and there was a period where tensions ran so high that the brothers and Mr. Rafael did not speak for three weeks. 

Mr. Canastra also discussed competition with NGOs over the permits. “Our biggest competitors here are the NGOs and people up in Maine who are in cahoots with the NGOs,” he said. He described a situation in 2015 in which Mr. Rafael purchased quota from a Maine seller at fair market value when no one else would. “There was only one offer up in Maine and that was from the NGO, and I believe it was Nature Conservancy. So do you want to see those permits go to an NGO, where it can be put on a shelf or the permit could be leased out to their favorites? That’s been happening since sectors. It was a fair deal, and everyone wants it back now.”

“There are groups up in Maine that believe that these permits should be dissolved back into the industry, or even given back to them,” Mr. Canastra added. “In reality, if they dissolve all these permits into the industry, every permit holder would receive anywhere between 200 to 300 pounds of each species, so it would not really gain anything for that permit holder but it would destroy New Bedford.”

The following is excerpted from WBSM’s exclusive article on the potential transaction:

NEW BEDFORD, Mass. — One of the owners of the Whaling City Seafood Display Auction in New Bedford is shedding more light on a proposed deal to buy [Carlos Rafael’s] fishing fleet.

Carlos Rafael has been sentenced to 46 months in prison for his illegal fishing scheme, and cannot be involved in the fishing industry during that time and three years after his release.

In an exclusive interview with WBSM’s Phil Paleologos, Richard Canastra confirms he and his brother, Ray, have entered into a memorandum of agreement with Rafael to buy his business, Carlos Seafood, Inc, for $93 million.

“We know boats. We know the business. We’re doing this to keep this in New Bedford,” said Canastra. “My plan is to get out, hopefully, in ten years when things lighten up and it can be sold properly instead of this fire sale where people want everything for nothing.”

Read and watch the full story at WBSM

Aquaculture can feed the world, new report claims

August 31, 2017 — A new study by University of California, Santa Barbara marine scientists led by Professor Rebecca Gentry, along with researchers from the Nature Conservancy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), shows considerable potential for aquaculture to develop around the globe.

Fish farming is now the fastest-growing food sector in the world, and is frequently cited as having the potential to address future global food security issues. In their study, the researchers estimated that 15 billion metric tons (MT) of finfish could be grown globally per year, which is 100 times more than current world seafood consumption.

The results of their study, “Mapping the global potential for marine aquaculture,” published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution on 14 August, demonstrates the oceans’ vast potential to support aquaculture, director of the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability and report co-author Peter Kareiva said.

“We need to find more protein for our growing population, and we have pretty much tapped out wild fish as protein sources,” he said. “This study shows that farming fish in the ocean could play a huge role in feeding people without degrading our ocean or overfishing wild species.”

Both fish and bivalve aquaculture have potential for expansion in what the researchers termed “hot spots” – particularly in warm, tropical regions.

Indonesia, for example, was found to have one of the highest production potentials for fish and bivalves. Developing just one percent of Indonesia’s suitable ocean area could produce more than 24 million MT of fish per year. If this was used entirely for domestic consumption, it would increase seafood consumption per capita six-fold.

Read the full story at Seafood Source

As warming sea devastates coral, Florida Keys economy will suffer

June 25, 2017 — Twenty feet under water, Nature Conservancy biologist Jennifer Stein swims over to several large corals and pulls several laminated cards from her dive belt.

“Disease,” reads one, as she gestures to a coral that exhibits white splotches. “Recent mortality,” reads another card. Along the miles of coral reef off the Florida Keys, Stein and her fellow divers have found countless examples of this essential form of ocean life facing sickness and death.

The pattern of decay is shaping up as one of the sharpest impacts of climate change in the continental United States – and a direct threat to economic activity in the Keys, a haven for diving, fishing and coastal tourism.

The debate over climate change is often framed as one that pits jobs against the need to protect the planet for future generations. In deciding to exit the Paris climate agreement and roll back domestic environmental regulations, the Trump administration said it was working to protect jobs.

But what is happening here – as the warming of the sea devastates the coral reef – is a stark example of how rising temperatures can threaten existing economies.

Read the full story from the Washington Post at the Portland Press Herald

For fish, the good and bad of warming ocean waters

June 19, 2017 — According to a recent study published in “Progress in Oceanography,” some fish species will thrive in warmer waters — and others, not so much.

Using a detailed climate model and historical observation data, researchers at NOAA and The Nature Conservancy modeled the shifting thermal habitats of over 50 species along the Atlantic coast, from North Carolina to the Gulf of Maine.

“So it’s basically a picture of the water temperature and the depths that individual species are most commonly associated with,” says lead author Kristin Kleisner, now a senior scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund’s Fisheries Solutions Center.

Ocean temperatures in the region are expected to increase 6.6 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit (3.7 to 5.0 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century, according to NOAA. For many species, like summer flounder, striped bass and Atlantic croaker, researchers found warming oceans could lead to increased habitat availability.

“Those are all species that are currently caught off the more southern portions of our coastline and they’re associated with warmer waters,” Kleisner says. “And these guys might do pretty well as climate changes and new areas of suitable thermal habitat open up for them.”

Kleisner is careful to point out that the study only considered water temperature and depth in its picture of thermal habitats. Other factors like ocean acidification could change the game for lobsters, for example, which otherwise stand to gain from warming waters. “That could be a pretty big wild card,” she says.

Meanwhile, for species like Atlantic cod, Acadian redfish and others found in northern coastal areas, the study’s picture “was not so rosy,” Kleisner says. That’s not to say these species won’t find suitable water temperatures in deeper waters, or further north, she adds — but their habitats may shift out of reach for some fishermen.

Read the full story at PRI.org

Usually the villain, invasive species odd hero for native fish

April 6, 2017 — A native fish may be poised for a comeback in the Great Lakes with the help of an invasive species.

Great Lakes cisco, also known as lake herring, are growing in number. Catch rates are increasing in recreational and commercial fisheries, said Kevin Donner, Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians’ Great Lakes fisheries program manager. Twenty years ago, it would have been notable to catch a single cisco in a year in Lake Michigan. In the bay, they’re now pulled up by the netload.

It’s a similar story in Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario, where researchers have caught thousands of cisco in recent years, said Curt Karboski, a biologist with the Lower Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office in Amherst, New York.

There are different strains of cisco in the region, but Donner describes most of them, “like a whitefish with a shinier, pointed face.”

Cisco typically grow about 12 to 15 inches long and at one point supported one of the largest commercial fisheries in the region. They disappeared from much of the basin around the 1950s, Donner said.

Now it looks like the stage has been set for their return–by an unlikely ally.

Invasive quagga mussels have depleted nutrients in the lakes, said Matt Herbert, an aquatic ecologist with the Nature Conservancy. Cisco do well in low-nutrient environments, unlike competing species like the invasive alewife. That gives cisco space to thrive.

Wendylee Stott, who works with the Great Lakes Science Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan, makes a similar observation: “There’s basically a hole in the ecosystem right now, and the idea is to fill it with a native species.”

Now that the quagga has done its part, the cisco are on a roll. Other than accidentally introducing the invasive species, humans can’t take credit for the comeback, according to Donner.

Read the full story at the Great Lakes Echo

Study shows oyster reef restoration helps economy

October 26th, 2016 — A 54-acre oyster reef built in Matagorda Bay is benefiting more than sea life.

Half Moon Reef has become a fishing hot spot, adding $691,000 to the state’s domestic gross product each year and creating a dozen jobs, according to a Nature Conservancy study released this month.

About three years ago, the reef was dead. While there was some hard material left to build upon, there were no live oysters, said Mark Dumesnil, the associate director of coastal restoration in Texas for The Nature Conservancy.

The reef was once almost 500 acres, but dredging, major changes in hydrology that altered the amount of water entering Matagorda Bay and, possibly, a hurricane left the reef defunct.

In 2013, when Dumesnil and other researchers began their effort to bring the reef back to life, their main priority was to create a habitat for fish.

“It’s more than just the oysters,” he said. “My goal was to restore it for all of the ecosystem services.”

Oyster reefs can help clean water, provide habitat for a huge diversity of reef-dependent sea life and help reduce the amount and prevalence of harmful algal blooms by removing nitrogen from the water.

But soon Dumesnil was receiving phone calls and emails from fishing guides who were reaping benefits of their own. So, The Nature Conservancy teamed up with Texas Sea Grant to survey anglers and fishing guides to quantify the social and economic benefits of Half Moon Reef.

Read the full story at the Victoria Advocate