Saving Seafood

Snow Crab Collapse Linked to Energetic Limitations During a Marine Heatwave

December 8, 2025 — A new study addresses one of the largest mass mortality events in recent marine history—the abrupt collapse of the snow crab population in the eastern Bering Sea. The research team was led by NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center fishery biologist Erin Fedewa. They set out to identify potential factors driving the increased mortality, population collapse, and recovery potential of Bering Sea snow crab.

Erin and her team measured snow crab energy reserves during and after the 2018–2019 marine heatwave and population collapse. This approach is the first of its kind for Bering Sea crab stocks. Findings show that warmer conditions and high population density led to energetic limitations—likely causing the snow crab population collapse.

A New, Rapid Energetic Condition Metric for Fisheries Management

Poor energetic condition is a state in which crabs have low energy reserves. This can increase starvation and mortality risk, emphasizing the importance of monitoring the energetic condition of individuals in marine populations. Techniques used to monitor energy reserves in fish often rely on data collected rapidly during annual scientific surveys, such as the weight-at-size of individual fish.

However, snow crabs have exoskeletons; they molt as juveniles, which uses a lot of their energy stores. They require more sensitive techniques to detect energy reserves beyond simple length-weight measurements. These techniques are often time-intensive and costly. Scientists have not routinely monitored energetic condition in Bering Sea crab populations to date.

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries

Most Threatened and Endangered Pacific Coast Salmon Populations Increased After Listings

December 5, 2025 — Most Pacific Coast salmon and steelhead listed under the Endangered Species Act have increased in abundance over the past 25 years, arresting earlier declines. These findings were published in new research by NOAA Fisheries scientists who have studied the species.

The scientists examined trends in 28 population groups, called distinct population segments, within five species of salmon and steelhead listed from 1989 to 2007. These groups represent specific geographic areas and genetic characteristics, and are the smallest units that can be listed under the Act. The scientists found that a majority of the population groups protected as threatened or endangered increased in abundance. None disappeared into extinction. Protected population groups also increased faster than unprotected populations of the same species.

“At the time of the salmon listings, there was a path toward recovery and a path toward extinction,” said Michael Ford, lead author of the new research published in Fish and Fisheries. Ford recently retired as a research scientist at NOAA’s Northwest Fisheries Science Center. “So far, we have avoided extinction and even succeeded in moving many populations in the right direction, but most are still far from complete recovery.”

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries

Longline Sampling Confirms Young Bluefin Tuna Spawn in the Slope Sea

December 5, 2025 — Atlantic bluefin tuna are prized by both recreational and commercial fishermen. In 2022 alone, U.S. commercial fishermen generated an estimated $12.4 million in revenue from harvesting bluefin tuna. However, they are also among the most challenging species to study, as they migrate long distances and live in the open ocean for much of the year.

NOAA Fisheries recently embarked on a cooperative research project to understand Atlantic bluefin tuna reproduction (also known as spawning) in the Slope Sea. Scientists infrequently sample this area of the ocean between the Gulf Stream and the continental shelf of the Northeast United States. It may contain a crucial missing piece for understanding the overall population structure of bluefin tuna in the Atlantic.

Historically, this species has been managed as having two primary stocks:

  • Eastern stock that spawns in the Mediterranean Sea
  • Western stock that spawns at older ages in the Gulf of America

Dr. Molly Lutcavage’s lab at the Large Pelagics Research Center in Gloucester, Massachusetts is conducting research on reproduction and electronic tagging. The lab is affiliated with UMass Dartmouth’s School for Marine Science & Technology. Their research suggested that spawning might be occurring in other areas of the western Atlantic as well, and by younger, smaller fish. Lutcavage’s lab predicted that smaller fish would spawn closer to feeding grounds. Biological evidence from NOAA Fisheries larval fish sampling in the Slope Sea supported this hypothesis. Recent genetic research shows the stocks are interconnected. However, there was little data available on the reproductive condition of adult bluefin tuna, including smaller adults, in the Slope Sea to corroborate these studies—until now.

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries

Sea lions keep gorging on endangered salmon despite 2018 law

December 4, 2025 — Efforts to stop Pacific sea lions from feasting on endangered salmon and steelhead have largely failed despite millions of taxpayer dollars spent on those efforts, lawmakers were told Wednesday.

In a hearing on the efficacy of the Endangered Salmon Predation Prevention Act adopted in 2018, witnesses told members of the House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Wildlife and Fisheries that wildlife managers have been unable to check a sustained population boom of the salmon-devouring pinnipeds — marine mammals with both front and rear flippers — that began in the 1990s.

“These animals are remarkably resilient, and they do know where their food source is,” Sam Rauch, deputy assistant administrator for NOAA Fisheries, told the subcommittee. “It is very difficult to encourage them to leave with anything less than force,” which usually means trap and kill.

Read the full article at E&E News

North Atlantic Right Whale Calving Season 2026

December 4, 2025 — The right whale calving season begins in mid-November and runs through mid-April. Researchers have identified one calf so far this calving season.

Every single female North Atlantic right whale and calf are vital to this endangered species’ recovery. Since 2017, the whales have been experiencing an Unusual Mortality Event, which has resulted in more than 20 percent of the population being sick, injured, or killed. The primary causes of the Unusual Mortality Event are entanglements in fishing gear and collisions with boats and ships. In the last decade, there have been more North Atlantic right whale deaths than births.

Reproductive females are producing fewer calves each year, which impacts the ability of the species to recover. Female right whales become sexually mature at about age 10. They give birth to a single calf after a pregnancy lasting over a year. Three to four years is considered a normal or healthy interval between right whale births. But now, on average, they are having calves every 7 to 10 years. Biologists believe the additional stress from entanglements, vessel strike injuries, and changes in prey availability due to climate change all likely contribute to right whales calving less often.

With the current number of females and the necessary resting time between births, 20 newborns in a calving season would be considered a relatively productive year. However, given the estimated rate of human-caused mortality and serious injury, we need approximately 50 or more calves per year for many years to stop the decline and allow for recovery. The only solution is to significantly reduce human-caused mortality and injuries, as well as stressors on reproduction.

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries

NOAA Fisheries Re-Opens Comment Period on Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness

December 3, 2025 — The following was released by NOAA Fisheries:

NOAA Fisheries is announcing that the public comment period on Regulatory Reform, Seafood Industry Challenges, and Innovative Approaches in response to the Executive Order Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness is reopened from December 1, 2025 to December 15, 2025. Comments must be received by 11:59 p.m. EDT (7:59 p.m. AKT) on December 15, 2025.

Specifically, we are looking for input on the following issues:

  • Regulations that govern fishing activities that may be suspended, revised, or rescinded

  • Challenges specific fisheries are facing, suggestions for innovative improvements, and examples of existing federal fishery regulations that could be modified to enhance U.S. fishing businesses

  • Ways to improve fisheries management and science:

    • How can less expensive and more reliable technologies and cooperative research be used to support fisheries assessments?

    • How can NOAA Fisheries improve and modernize how it collects and uses data so federal fishery regulations better reflect what’s happening on the water right now?

    • What types of data, tools, or information do U.S. fishing businesses need most to deal with changing economic and/or environmental conditions and keep fishing? How can NOAA Fisheries best support the development and use of these resources?

  • How to expand exempted fishing permit programs to promote fishing opportunities nationwide

Public comments will be used to help identify specific actions we can take as we launch a bold, coordinated effort to revitalize the U.S. seafood sector. The effort underscores our commitment to addressing the recent decline in fisheries landings and revenue, boosting sustainable aquaculture, reducing the seafood trade deficit, and strengthening supply chain resilience.

Additionally, NOAA Fisheries will host a public listening session to receive public comments on Monday, December 8, from noon–1:00 p.m. AKT. Online registration is now available.

More information about the opportunity for public comment is available on the Federal Register and the NOAA Fisheries website.

Anglers Catch Salmon for Science as Tracking Reveals Risks Facing Adult Fall Chinook

December 2, 2025 — Many thousands of fall-run Chinook salmon migrated beneath the Golden Gate Bridge into the upper Sacramento River to spawn this fall. About 100 of the adult fish carried small tags that signaled their location as they went.

A monitoring network tracked the fish, showing their progress online in real time as part of a joint project by scientists at NOAA Fisheries and UC Santa Cruz. They followed adult salmon through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta into Central Valley Rivers and their tributaries. The scientists want to know what affects salmon survival and how many fish reach their spawning grounds.

“Are the salmon burning too much energy, and what factors affect this?” asked Miles Daniels, who leads the project for NOAA Fisheries’ Southwest Fisheries Science Center. The center operates a research laboratory adjacent to UC Santa Cruz, focusing on salmon. Adult salmon need cold water; they may stop if they hit water that is too warm. Since they do not eat on the way back upriver, delays could deplete the energy they need to complete their migration and spawn.

The research is funded by California’s State Water Board to learn more about how water temperatures influence the salmon that support valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. Officials are interested in whether water can be managed to benefit fish while still supplying Central Valley farms with irrigation water. Irrigation is vital to the production of billions of dollars worth of produce and other agricultural products every year.

Fall Chinook salmon are among today’s most abundant California salmon and have long formed the backbone of West Coast salmon fisheries. However, low numbers of returning salmon have closed California ocean waters to most recreational and all commercial salmon fishing for the last 3 years.

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries

NOAA Fisheries report shows large whale entanglements nationwide up in 2024; 3 occurred in Maine

November 24, 2025 — According to a new annual report from NOAA Fisheries, there were 95 total confirmed large whale entanglements nationwide last year. In the Northeast Atlantic, the majority of entanglements were reported in Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay. Three occurred off the coast of Maine.

NOAA spokesperson Andrea Gomez says that two of those three whales were humpbacks, and one was a minke. One of the humpbacks was found dead outside of Portland, entangled in a fishing net. The other humpback and the minke were found alive off Jonesport and Stonington, entangled in Maine lobster gear. The minke was able to shed the gear on its own, and Maine Marine Patrol was able to disentangle the humpback.

Read the full article at Maine Public

Seafood Tips from the People Bringing You America’s Seafood (Part 1)

November 21, 2025 — Across the country, fishermen, farmers, chefs, and educators are working to keep fishing heritage alive while inspiring new generations to value the bounties of our coastal waters. Here, experts from the Atlantic coast share their stories and tips for making seafood a bigger part of your life—no matter where you live. And stay tuned: we’ll be sharing Part Two featuring insights from Pacific coast experts.

Captain Brady Lybarger, Scallop Shack Farms

New Jersey

Scallop Shack Farms began as South Jersey’s original seafood pop-up. Captain Brady Lybarger, an experienced second-generation commercial fisherman, and his wife Amanda started selling scallops from the back of their truck during the pandemic.

Today, the thriving family-run market in Cape May, New Jersey offers scallops, seasonal catches, and gourmet goods, all sourced directly from American fishermen. Brady runs the shop with his wife, her father and sister-in-law, and even nieces, welcoming seafood lovers in to buy and connect. At Scallop Shack Farms, seafood goes from boat—often Brady’s own F/V Salted—to home chefs within hours of landing. Customers don’t just buy seafood there—they learn the story behind it, meet the people who caught it, and become part of a growing family of supporters.

Brady knows firsthand the challenges facing the fishing industry, with declining fisheries, rising costs, and fewer young workers entering the trade. That’s why he carves out time to serve on New England Fishery Management Council advisory panels on tilefish and scallops, ensuring fishermen’s knowledge informs management decisions.

Captain Brady’s Seafood Tips

  • Start fresh: A fresh, well-handled product makes all the difference. Scallop Shack Farms takes pride in bleeding and brining fish and delivering them within 24 hours when possible.
  • Keep it simple: For scallops, the secret is to pat them completely dry, then sear in a hot pan for 1.5-2 minutes per side. Add just salt, pepper, oil, and butter—no need to over-season a good product.
  • Ask questions: Don’t hesitate to talk with your fishmonger or fisherman—they’re happy to share how the seafood was caught and the best ways to prepare it.

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries

Administration revises Endangered Species Act regulations to strengthen certainty, reduce burdens and uphold law

November 19, 2025 — The following was released by NOAA Fisheries:

NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service and the Department of the Interior’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today announced four proposed rules to restore Endangered Species Act regulations to their proven 2019 and 2020 framework. The actions advance President Donald J. Trump’s directives to strengthen American energy independence, improve regulatory predictability and ensure federal actions align with the best reading of the law.

The proposals, two of which were issued in coordination with NOAA Fisheries would revise Biden administration regulations finalized in 2024 that expanded federal reach, created unnecessary complexity and departed from the statute’s clear language. These actions implement Executive Orders 14154, “Unleashing American Energy,” and 14219, “Department of Government Efficiency,” along with Secretary’s Order 3418, which direct agencies to remove regulatory barriers that hinder responsible resource development and economic growth while maintaining core conservation commitments.

The four proposed rules are:

  • Listing and critical habitat (50 CFR part 424):

The agencies jointly propose to restore the 2019 regulatory text governing listing, delisting and critical habitat determinations. The proposal ensures decisions are based on the best scientific and commercial data available while allowing transparent consideration of economic impacts. It reestablishes the longstanding two-step process for designating unoccupied habitat, restores clarity to the definition of “foreseeable future” and reinstates flexibility to determine when designating critical habitat is not prudent.

  • Interagency cooperation (50 CFR part 402):

The agencies jointly propose to return to the 2019 consultation framework by reinstating definitions of “effects of the action” and “environmental baseline,” removing the 2024 “offset” provisions and restoring section 7 procedures consistent with the statutory text. These changes respond directly to the Supreme Court’s decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, which overturned the Chevron deference standard and reaffirmed that agencies must adhere strictly to the law as written.

  • Threatened species protections (50 CFR part 17; section 4(d)): 

The Fish and Wildlife Service proposes to eliminate the “blanket rule” option and require species-specific 4(d) rules tailored to each threatened species. This approach reflects the single best reading of the statute under Loper Bright and ensures that protections are necessary and advisable to conserve each species without imposing unnecessary restrictions on others. It also aligns service policy with NOAA Fisheries’ longstanding species-specific approach.

  • Critical habitat exclusions (50 CFR part 17; section 4(b)(2)):

The Fish and Wildlife Service proposes to reinstate its 2020 rule clarifying how economic, national security and other relevant impacts are weighed when determining whether to exclude areas from critical habitat. The revised framework provides transparency and predictability for landowners and project proponents while maintaining the service’s authority to ensure that exclusions will not result in species extinction.

The 2024 regulatory packages had reimposed provisions previously deemed inconsistent with the ESA’s statutory text. The Administration’s proposed rules would replace those provisions with standards that reflect decades of implementation experience, consistent judicial precedent and the Supreme Court’s reaffirmation that agencies must follow the law as written.

The proposed rules will be published in the Federal Register and will be available for public inspection on November 19 at https://www.federalregister.gov/public-inspection/current.

The public is encouraged to submit comments during the 30-day comment period beginning November 21 at https://www.regulations.gov by searching the following docket numbers:

  • FWS–HQ–ES–2025–0039 (Section 4)
  • FWS–HQ–ES–2025–0044 (Section 7)
  • FWS–HQ–ES–2025–0029 (Section 4(d))
  • FWS–HQ–ES–2025–0048 (Section 4(b)(2))