Saving Seafood

William and Mary biologist uses fish mouth to design a better filter

April 11, 2016 — For years, when biologist Laurie Sanderson peered into the mouths of filter-feeding fish, what she saw was a puzzle.

How did such fish, from the foot-long menhaden to the 42-foot whale shark, manage to filter tiny food particles so naturally, so efficiently from the water flowing into their mouths and out again?

The answer wasn’t a simple dead-end sieve, like a coffee filter or colander, which ichthyologists assumed for centuries. In fact, Sanderson says, some textbooks still get that wrong.

No, what the professor at the College of William and Mary, her colleagues and students have teased out by studying the filter-feeding paddlefish and basking shark is that they have a complex mouth architecture — with a series of bone ridges or gill arches that have the marvelous ability to form vortices or eddies in the fluid flow. Those vortices serve to separate and collect tiny food bits before the filtered water is expelled.

See the full story at the Daily Press

MARYLAND: Oyster study bill advances despite watermen objections

April 5, 2016 — State fisheries managers use science-backed information to determine how many striped bass, blue crabs and menhaden can be caught each season without damaging the overall health of each species.

But not the Chesapeake Bay’s oysters.

A bill passed by the Maryland Senate and pending before the House would require University of Maryland scientists to establish harvest limits that ensure a sustainable catch for years to come. Representatives of the seafood industry are branding the measure as costly and unnecessary.

The bill’s supporters, however, say Maryland’s oyster population is being overfished, pointing to estimates that it is 1 percent of its historic size.

“We’ve learned the hard way that nature, especially with these oysters, is not inexhaustible,” said Bill Goldsborough, a fisheries scientist for the Chesapeake Bay Foundation. “So this attitude, this disregard for science, led to the depletion of this valuable resource and the unstable boom-and-bust pattern of fishery that we see today.”

Maryland’s oyster haul plummeted from an all-time high of 15 million bushels in the 1880s to 26,000 bushels in 2004. After surpassing 100,000 for several years, the total harvest rocketed above 300,000 in 2013 and 2014. Researchers attribute the jump to hearty reproduction in 2010 and 2012.

The size of oyster catch this season, which officially ended Thursday, is expected to be lower again, reflecting poorer reproduction in subsequent years.

Read the full story at Delmarva Now

Counting fish from the air

March 31, 2016 — This week, I was reminded of the outstanding Atlantic menhaden management program we have in Narragansett Bay. Monday night, George Purmont, a spotter pilot commissioned by the Marine Fisheries Division of the Department of Environmental Management (DEM), spoke about his work of counting schools of Atlantic menhaden (pogies) from the air in Narragansett Bay.

At a R.I. Saltwater Anglers Association meeting, Purmont said, “When the amount of Atlantic menhaden in the Bay goes above the threshold, the Bay is open to commercial harvesting. When it falls below the threshold, the Bay is closed to Atlantic menhaden fishing.”

The program is one of the most sophisticated and effective programs of its type in the nation. Purmont said, “Flights once or twice a week give fish managers at DEM good information to manage the fishery.” The program works well for recreational fishermen to protect this forage fish, as well as for the commercial fishery, allowing the Bay to be fished when there is an abundance of fish in the Bay.

Read the full story at The Warwick Beacon

ASMFC February/March Issue of Fisheries Focus Now Available

March 25, 2016 — The following was released by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Comission:

The February/March issue of ASMFC Fisheries Focus is now available at http://www.asmfc.org/uploads/file/56f557b0FishFocusFebMarch2016.pdf.

INSIDE THIS ISSUE:

ASMFC 2016 Spring Meeting Preliminary Agenda

page 1 

Upcoming Meetings

page 2

From the Executive Director’s Desk

A New Initiative: ASMFC Kicks-off Socioeconomic Study on Atlantic Menhaden Commercial Fisheries

page 3

Species Profile

Northern Shrimp

page 4

Science Highlight

Larval Fish and Climate Change Research in National Estuarine Research Reserves

page 8

ACCSP

GARFO Authorizes eTrips/ Mobile for Use in Electronic Trip Reporting

ACCSP Seeks Your Feedback on Ways to Improve SAFIS 

ACCSP Happenings

page 10

On the Legislative Front

page 11

ASMFC Releases 2015 Annual Report

page 11 

ASMFC Comings & Goings

page 12

Past issues of Fisheries Focus can be found at http://www.asmfc.org/search/%20/%20/Fishery-Focus.

MISSISSIPPI: ‘Nobody wants a menhaden’ mayor tells supervisors

March 21, 2016 — PASCAGOULA — Moss Point Mayor Billy Broomfield defended his city’s major industry, Omega Protein, to Jackson County supervisors on Monday.

He said the menhaden fishery would be hard hit if the county follows through with plans to ask the state to restrict menhaden fishing in the Mississippi Sound to one mile off the Jackson County coast. Harrison and Hancock counties already do that.

The restriction is in part to stop by-catch and overfishing.

Read the full story at Sun Herald

Study eyes fisheries for menhaden— a key forage fish

March 21, 2016 — Gloucester, Mass. — Interstate fishing managers will commission a study of the commercial fisheries for Atlantic menhaden, an important forage fish that is caught all along the East Coast.

Menhaden are an important bait fish and are also caught for use as fish oil and fish meal. States from Maine to Florida have been the site of commercial fisheries for menhaden in the past ten years.

Read the full story from the Associated Press at The San Francisco Chronicle

Menhaden Fisheries Coalition releases ‘Atlantic Menhaden: Fishing by the Numbers’

March 16, 2016 (Menhaden Fisheries Coalition) — The following was released by the Menhaden Fisheries Coalition:

While prominent environmental groups have claimed for years that the menhaden fishery has harvested too many menhaden, a thorough analysis from the Menhaden Fisheries Coalition shows that the number of fish being caught is a small fraction of the coastwide population.

Between 2004-2013, the fishery only harvested an average of 6.4 percent of the overall menhaden population. This leaves over 93% of menhaden left in the ecosystem as forage for birds, fish and other sea creatures. Menhaden fishing mortality, which hit an all-time low in the last assessment, is dwarfed by natural mortality, which accounts for predation and mortality from other causes outside of the fishery.

The analysis, “The Fate of an Atlantic Menhaden Year Class,” and accompanying infographic, “Atlantic Menhaden: Fishing by the Numbers,” is based on the catch data included in the 2015 Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Atlantic menhaden stock assessment. Also examined in the analysis is the age of menhaden that are caught by the fishery. The fishery specifically does not target juvenile menhaden-those most likely to serve as forage-and the oldest fish-those that are the most fertile spawners. This harvest approach is reflected in the catch data: the fishery overwhelmingly catches menhaden between the ages of 2 and 3, and the catch for juvenile and older menhaden is negligible. 

These estimates, along with the 2015 assessment’s headline findings that menhaden are not experiencing overfishing nor are they being overfished, further confirm the sustainability of the fishery. With such a small percentage of the menhaden population actually going to harvest, as well as other positive indicators for stock health, it is clear that current menhaden management is safeguarding the health and the future of the species.

For more information on the results of the analysis, please review the infographic below. For more information on how these estimates were calculated, read “The Fate of an Atlantic Menhaden Year Class.”

ASMFC Initiates Socioeconomic Study on Atlantic Menhaden Commercial Fisheries

Arlington, VA – The following was released by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission:

The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission has awarded funding to a research team headed by Dr. John Whitehead of Appalachian State University and Dr. Jane Harrison from North Carolina Sea Grant to conduct a socioeconomic study of Atlantic menhaden commercial fisheries. The study is intended to characterize the coastwide commercial fisheries, including bait and reduction sectors and the fishing communities they support.

“We are excited for this opportunity to provide the Commission with these critical data which will characterize the socioeconomic dimensions of menhaden fisheries stakeholders to help managers better understand management impacts,” stated Dr. Harrison.

The principle objective of the study is to analyze data from participants in the Atlantic menhaden commercial industry. The Atlantic menhaden reduction fishery industry converts menhaden into fishmeal and fish oil, while the bait fishery industry supports other commercial (e.g. American lobster, blue crab) and recreational fisheries (e.g. striped bass, bluefish). Case studies along the Atlantic coast will link the harvesting, processing, and distribution sectors across the supply chain. Information on landing trends, industry participation, and social leadership and organizations will also be analyzed. Over the next month, ASMFC staff will be working with the research team to identify and reach out to fishery participants. 

View a PDF of the proposal

MISSISSIPPI: Jackson County supervisors vote to keep menhaden boats one mile out

March 7, 2016 — Jackson County’s Board of Supervisors decided Monday to have its meetings videotaped and posted for the public to see online.

Also on Monday, the board, in a split vote, decided to ask the state to restrict menhaden fishing to one mile off the Jackson County mainland.

A spokesman for Omega Protein, a commercial menhaden fishing operation out of Moss Point, tried to convince the board that it would hurt their $46 million-a-year industry, but county Supervisor Troy Ross said he sees it as a protection measure for fish in the Mississippi Sound.

Company spokesman Rick Schillaci told the board the Omega Protein already self-imposes a half-mile restriction in Jackson County and asked county leaders not to impose one mile.

“There is no real justification of you pushing us off,” Schillaci said, “And you’re going to send a message to businesses in Jackson County that this Board of Supervisors is not supportive of industry.”

He accused the board of bowing to recreational fishermen.

Read the full story from the Sun Herald

Chesapeake Bay Nothing Like Caribbean

February 14, 2016 — In his letter, “Menhaden are critical for bay restoration,” Tscharner D. Watkins III begins with a protracted discussion of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem before resorting to hyperbole. Referring to the menhaden, he states “these filter feeders kept our waters clear, much like the waters in the Caribbean.”

The Chesapeake Bay is a tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean — which is also fed by more than 150 streams and rivers within its watershed, emanating from six states and the District of Columbia. Thus it contains the same saline waters of the Atlantic, but has not borne within the past (nor does it continue to bear) any resemblance to the more pristine waters of the Caribbean Sea.

The marine dead zones are hypoxic waters which are so depleted of oxygen that they are unable to support life, resulting oftentimes in massive fish kills. The oxygen-robbing algal blooms which are symptomatic of the hypoxia are caused by the problematic runoff of residential, agricultural and industrial effluent throughout the watershed. Therefore, the menhaden are ill-affected by the disruption in the marine food chain, but should not necessarily be regarded as the root cause of the hypoxia.

Read the full letter at the Richmond Times-Dispatch