Saving Seafood

Regulators to put focus on New England scallop fishing

April 22, 2016 — Federal fishing regulators say potential changes to the rules that govern scallop fishing off of New England could be a priority in the coming years.

The rules are a source of tension as fishing boats move into the waters off the northern Massachusetts coast to seek scallops. Scallop grounds off of northern Massachusetts, including Cape Ann, have been especially fertile, prompting increased fishing in that area.

The New England Fishery Management Council passed a motion Wednesday that says changes to management of the northern Gulf of Maine fishing area will be a potential priority in 2017.

Read the full story at the Gloucester Times 

Scallop fishermen poised for fight over shellfish

April 19, 2016 — PORTLAND, Maine — Scallop fishing has increased dramatically off some parts of New England recently, and fishermen and regulators will soon meet to discuss how to avoid overexploiting the valuable shellfish.

The concern over scallop fishing centers on the northern Gulf of Maine, a management area that stretches roughly from the waters off of Boston to the Canadian border. Scallop grounds off of northern Massachusetts have been especially fertile, prompting increased fishing in that area.

The New England Fishery Management Council, a regulatory arm of the federal government, will hold a public meeting about the issue Wednesday and decide how to proceed.

Part of the concern arises from the fact that different classes of fishing boats harvest scallops in the area, and not all of them are restricted by a quota system. Alex Todd, a Maine-based fisherman who fishes off of Gloucester, Massachusetts, said he and others feel the rules are not equal.

“We’re playing by two different sets of rules,” Todd said, adding that fishermen who follow the quota system could reach quota as soon as next month.

But Drew Minkiewicz, an attorney for Fisheries Survival Fund who represents many fishermen who don’t have to abide by the quota system, said he thinks the boats can coexist.

Read the full story at The Salt Lake Tribune

New York Times spotlights perils faced by Atlantic scallop fleet

April 18, 2016 – In an April 15 story, the New York Times described in detail the challenges faced at sea by members of the limited access scallop fleet. The story covered the rescue of the Carolina Queen III, which ran aground off the Rockaways Feb. 25, during a storm with waves cresting as high as 14 feet. The following is an excerpt from the story:

Scallop fishing may not conjure up the derring-do of those catching crabs in the icy waters of the Bering Strait or the exploits of long-line tuna fisherman chronicled on shows like “The Deadliest Catch.” But the most dangerous fishing grounds in America remain those off the Northeast Coast — more dangerous than the Bering Sea, according to data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

From 2000 to 2009, the years covered by the agency’s data, 504 people died while fishing at sea and 124 of them were in the Northeast.

The scallop industry had the second-highest rate of fatalities: 425 deaths per 100,000 workers. Among all workers in the United States over the same period, according to the C.D.C., there were four deaths per 100,000 workers. The size of the crew and the time at sea contribute to the dangers.

Drew Minkiewicz, a lawyer who represents the Fisheries Survival Fund, said that since 2010, the number of vessels permitted to fish for scallops has been limited, and with fewer unregistered ships at sea, there have been fewer accidents.

The Atlantic sea scallop — Placopecten magellanicus — has been popular since the 1950s, when Norwegian immigrants first scoured the seas south of New Bedford, Mass. The supply could swing between scarcity and plenty, but in the 1980s huge algae blooms known as brown tides appeared several years in a row and threatened to destroy the scallops’ ecosystem on the East Coast. Even after those tides passed, the industry almost did itself in by overfishing. Only after regulations were passed in the 1990s and the industry banded together with the scientific community to improve fishing techniques did the fisheries rebound.

Now, scalloping along the Atlantic Coast from Maine to North Carolina is among the most lucrative fishing in the world. In 2014, the catch was estimated to be worth more than $424 million.

The industry operates under strict guidelines, many aimed at ensuring sustainability of the fisheries. To fish some areas with known scallop beds, a permit is needed, and the haul is capped. Open-sea fishing, on the other hand, is restricted only by the annual 32-days-at-sea limit.

The clock is always ticking.

“We get so few days to go out, we have to find every efficiency to maximize our days at sea,” said Joe Gilbert, who owns Empire Fisheries and, as captain of a boat called the Rigulus, is part of the tight-knit scalloping community.

In preparation for the Carolina Queen’s voyage, the crew would have spent days getting ready, buying $3,000 in groceries, loading more than 20,000 pounds of ice and prepping the equipment on the twin-dredge vessel.

The vessel steamed north from the Chesapeake Bay, traveling 15 hours to reach the coast off New Jersey, where the crew would probably have started fishing. Then the work would begin.

It is pretty standard for a crew to work eight hours on and take four hours off, but in reality it often is more like nine hours on and three off. If you are a good sleeper, you are lucky to get two hours’ shut-eye before heading back on deck.

The huge tows scouring the ocean bed for scallops dredge for about 50 minutes and are then hauled up, their catch dumped on deck before the tows are reset and plunged back into the water, a process that can be done in as little as 10 minutes.

While the dredge did its work, the crew on duty on the Carolina Queen sorted through the muddy mix of rocks and sand and other flotsam on the ship’s deck, looking for the wavy round shells of the scallops.

“The biggest danger is handling the gear on deck,” Mr. Gilbert said. “It is very heavy gear on a pitching deck, and you get a lot of injured feet, injured hands.”

Once the scallops are sorted, according to industry regulations, they must be shucked by hand.

The crew spends hours opening the shells and slicing out the abductor muscle of the mollusks — the fat, tasty morsel that winds up on plates at a restaurants like Oceana in Midtown Manhattan, where a plate of sea scallops à la plancha costs as much as $33.

A single boat can haul 4,000 pounds in a day.

Read the full story at the New York Times

VIRGINIA: Rediscovering a taste for Chesapeake scallops

April 18, 2016 — The Croxton cousins want to do for the Chesapeake Bay scallop what they helped do for its oyster: bring it back from the brink with bivalve farming and some savvy marketing.

That was the idea behind an event last night where the co-owners of Rappahannock Oyster Co. offered an early taste of the Bay scallops they hope to grow into a new commercial product. After successfully cultivating a small crop of the scallops, which take up to six months to become bite-size, Ryan and Travis Croxton hope to begin selling the shellfish at their four restaurants and elsewhere in the fall.

“They’ve been extinct (in the Bay) since 1933,” Travis Croxton said at the event. “We just found that out a couple years ago and thought—we love scallops, we love the Chesapeake Bay, let’s reintroduce them.”

The work they heard about was that of scientists at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, who have been quietly restoring a small Bay scallops population at their Gloucester Point facility since the late 1990s.

Read the full story at the Bay Journal

Status and Trends of the US Sea Scallop Fishery

April 18, 2016 — Rotational area management is the cornerstone of U.S. sea scallop fisheries management; areas that contain beds of small scallops are closed before the scallops experience fishing mortality, then the areas re-open when scallops are larger, producing more yield-per-recruit. When scallop vessels are fishing in these areas they are limited in terms of total removal. The scallops are harvested for their mussel (“meats”) by being hand shucked at sea; the vast majority being landed iced.

There have been many issues associated with commercial fishing gear in recent years as we move towards more sustainable fisheries. Important objectives to scallop gear operations include increasing the size of scallops retained in the gear, preventing damage to scallops not ready for harvest, avoiding mortality to unwanted fish species, mitigating any adverse impact to habitat, and reducing risk to threatened and endangered species. Scallops are primarily harvested by dredges that sweep across the surface of the sea floor. Besides catching scallops, the gear also captures as a bycatch flatfish such as yellowtail flounder and winter flounder. Many of these flatfish stocks are in an overfished condition due to past heavy pressure from targeting fisheries and environmental change, including rising ocean temperatures. Reduction of bycatch in the scallop fishery has been accomplished by gear modifications, time/ area closures (e.g., seasonal restrictions), and the higher scallop catch per unit effort (CPUE) achieved by rotational management.

Another issue relates to the concerns that some stakeholders have about adverse impacts of scallop dredging on the habitat. While many studies indicate that fishing has relatively little long term impact on the types of high energy habitats scallops inhabit, management takes the precautionary approach of minimizing the swept area of the fishery. The 2016 projection for swept area is 3,600 square nautical miles. This is down from the 16,000 square nautical miles fished in the 1990’s, which produced substantially less yields — another major benefit of the rotational fishing strategy.

The scallop fishery also had an issue with the bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles in the mid-Atlantic; estimates suggested that the fishery killed or injured over 700 loggerheads in 2003 alone. The industry and its scientific partners have since developed gear solutions and now virtually no turtle mortality has been observed.

By solving issues related to scallop stock management, bycatch, habitat, and protected species, the U.S. scallop producers applied for and received the “Certified Sustainable Seafood” credential from the Marine Stewardship Council, aiding in the worldwide marketing of the U.S. sea scallop.

See the full story at the Northeast Agriculture Insights and Perspectives.

Kavanagh: Groundfish fishery needs ownership cap

April 14, 2016 — NEW BEDFORD, Mass. — In regards to state Rep. William Straus’ recent letter to the editor (“Your View: Impact of the federal fisheries arrests in New Bedford,” March 22), I appreciate his concern for the fishing industry. It doesn’t really matter how the fish are regulated — days at sea, catch shares, ITQ. Under any of these systems an ownership cap is necessary, as he pointed out.

The scallop industry has had an ownership cap for years, and it seems to be working out fairly well. The groundfish industry should follow a similar path. For some reason many members of the groundfish industry don’t seem to want a cap. They say they will have difficulty selling their permits if a cap is put into place.

Read the full letter at the New Bedford Standard-Times

Global scallop supply limited in 2016, but rising in 2017

April 6, 2016 — NEW BEDFORD, Mass. — As the US east coast sea scallop fishing season ramps up, two of the world’s biggest scallops companies see prices at a plateau for now with tight supply in 2016 poised to ease soon after

Speaking to Undercurrent News at the headquarters of Eastern Fisheries, the world’s largest scallop firm, executive vice-president Joe Furtado said that decreased US scallop supplies are expected to keep prices elevated, at least for a little while.

“The overall outlook for this year is still down as a whole but the overall outlook for 2017 is a significant rebound from a supply perspective,” Joe Furtado, executive vice-president of Eastern Fisheries said. “So I think we’ve made some market corrections due to the reality that there’s just less scallops this year but in anticipation of a rebound in 2017, I think you’ll start to see receding pricing in the back half of this year.”

Eastern has two processing factories in New Bedford, another two in northeastern China, one of which is also used for flatfish processing, and a third recently opened in Staphorst, Netherlands that handles all of the company’s European scallops. The company is co-owned by two family businesses, O’Hara Corporation and Nordic Fisheries, which together own a fleet of 26 scallop vessels.

Read the full story at Undercurrent News

RON SMOLOWITZ: Working the system makes the system unworkable

April 4, 2016 — FALMOUTH, Mass. — As the owner of Coonamessett Farm in Falmouth and a partner at the Woods Hole Oyster Co., I spend as much time navigating regulatory hurdles as I do tending the farm or going to sea. Many farmers and fishermen have similar fights with overbearing bureaucracy, something likely to become more common as the noose of government regulations tightens.

The most recent regulatory push in Massachusetts is to ban the farming of caged chickens. I theoretically stand to benefit from this, as my free-ranged eggs would increase in value. But this doesn’t consider the regulatory system that will be imposed on my farm to ensure compliance. My farm currently allows visitors to pick their own eggs, an activity that kids enjoy but that will be illegal, I’m sure, under any regulations. The federal Food Safety Modernization Act, a result of food safety advocates working the system in Washington, continues to evolve as the Food and Drug Administration encounters hurdles to its enforcement. In some respects it resembles the farm animal protection initiative being advocated in Massachusetts, but it targets every crop on the farm. Looking at the FDA’s guidelines, I don’t think I can find a workaround to keep farming and sell to the public. I certainly won’t be able to allow the public on the farm or be allowed to keep my farm animals, given concerns about the proximity of animal dung to farm crops.

Things aren’t much better out at sea. I do a substantial amount of research for the scallop industry, and sustainability is the key reason scallop management is a continued successes. Through a system of rotational management, certain zones are fished while others are left off-limits to allow them to repopulate. Much as with farmland, this system allows the resources to remain sustainable.

Read the full column at the Cape Cod Times