Saving Seafood

Deep-sea mining is a false solution to our challenges (commentary)

August 20, 2025 — The deep sea, the planet’s most expansive and least understood ecosystem, remains largely unexplored. Yet while the deep sea may seem a dark and distant space, events underwater directly impact our lives, from essential services like climate regulation to fisheries and the marine food web. While scientific understanding of this realm is nascent, a new industry is rapidly emerging driven by the demand for rare metals essential for batteries, microchips and AI: deep-sea mining.

In the past three years, more than 38 nations have voiced support for a moratorium on deep-sea mining, a rapid pace by the standards of multilateral lawmaking, and the equivalent of one new country signing on per month. This progress marks a major shift from just a few years ago, when states were either supportive of mining, reluctant to take a position, or were simply uninformed.

The triggering of a treaty provision known as the “two-year rule” by the nation of Nauru in 2021, intended to accelerate deep-sea mining in areas beyond national jurisdiction, brought increased attention and scrutiny to the activity. Nevertheless, some private actors are pushing for the granting of applications for commercial deep-sea mining of minerals like copper, nickel and cobalt, despite significant concerns from global leaders, the scientific community and the public at large.

This divergence between scientific understanding and prevailing narratives came into sharp focus at the recent annual meeting of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). There, nations gathered to discuss matters profoundly consequential for the future of the deep ocean. However, there also seemed to be a broad understanding that a strong regulatory framework based on science, equity and precaution must be in place before an informed decision can be taken, and that no mining activities should commence in the meantime.

Moving forward, it’s imperative that we actively counter misinformation, significantly invest in scientific research, and, in the interim, take concrete measures to ensure that deep-sea mining activities do not commence in the absence of clear science, robust regulations, sufficient safeguards, and equity.

Read the full article at Mongabay

Experts warn US, seabed mining sector’s defiance of International Seabed Authority could have wider consequences

August 1, 2025 — Experts returning from the annual meeting of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) in Kingston, Jamaica, warn increased efforts by The Metals Company (TMC) and the U.S. government to start seabed mining – despite a lack of  authority approval – could have wider implications for the health of global fisheries and the rule of law at sea.

The push by TMC to start seabed minign comes as experts continue to assert the scientific knowledge needed to effectively and safely regulate mining of the deep seabed is still incomplete. Despite the continued pressure from regulatory bodies, TMC recently announced plans to commercialize its mining operation in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) – an environmental management area in the Pacific Ocean.

Read the full article at SeafoodSource

‘Significant declines’ in some species after deep-sea mining: Research

July 3, 2025 — Deep-sea mining could impact marine life stretching from the tiniest bottom dwellers to apex predators like swordfish and sharks, a major piece of industry-funded research found Thursday.

The Metals Company—a leading  firm—paid Australia’s government science agency to pore through data collected during test mining in the remote Pacific Ocean.

Huge tracts of Pacific Ocean seabed are carpeted in polymetallic nodules, bulbous lumps of rock that are rich in metals used in battery production—such as cobalt and nickel.

The Metals Company is pushing to be the first to mine these nodules in international waters, striving to exploit a remote expanse known as the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.

Australia’s government science agency released a series of technical reports on Thursday detailing how mining could be managed.

Bottom-dwellers such as , marine worms, starfish and crustaceans could see “significant declines in abundance immediately following mining,” research found.

Read the full article at PHYS.org

Fishing fleets and deep sea miners converge in the Pacific

May 13, 2025 — The search for critical minerals could put deep-sea mining and commercial fishing on a collision course.

In 2023, a study published in Nature Magazine predicted a collision between Pacific tuna fleets and deep-sea mining interests as both converged on the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a 1.7 million square mile region between Hawaii and Mexico. Lead author Dr. Diva Amon and her colleagues predicted that global warming would drive tuna, particularly yellowfin, bigeye, and skipjack, to seek refuge in the cooler waters of the CCZ. At the same time, countries and companies from around the Pacific Rim and beyond are eager to conduct deep-sea mining in the CCZ, and President Trump signed an Executive Order on April 24, 2025, aimed at “revitalizing American dominance in deep-sea minerals.”

The existence of rare earth minerals in the CCZ has been known since 1873, when the British research ship HMS Challenger hauled up polymetallic nodules laden with manganese, copper, cobalt, and more. Since 1994, the International Seabed Authority has regulated deep-sea mining in areas outside any national jurisdiction as part of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The Authority currently has contracts with 17 companies to explore mining in about 500,000 square miles of the zone. While there is no active mining in the Clarion Clipperton Zone yet, all contract holders are undertaking geological and environmental studies as part of their contractual obligations to determine the feasibility and impacts of deep-sea mining.

Read the full article at the National Fisherman

In Real Life: Mining the Deep Sea

November 27, 2023 — Norway could become the first country in the world to mine the deep sea, but many scientists and environmentalists fear that this might blow open the door for a new frontier of extraction, with companies and governments from the Arctic to the Pacific in a race to reap the riches of the ocean floor.

The Norwegian parliament will soon decide whether to open up a section of the Arctic Sea to deep-sea mining, starting with exploration.

But why mine the deep sea? Access to minerals like cobalt is critical for the green transition because they’re used to make things like batteries for electric vehicles and solar panels.

Some people think mining different parts of the deep sea—all the way down to 21,000 feet below—holds a solution and profits. Hydrothermal vents spew out magma-heated water, leaving mineral deposits.

Read the full article at KIVTV

US lawmakers call for a moratorium on deep-seabed mining

July 17, 2023 — U.S lawmakers want to temporarily ban deep-seabed mining until a full assessment of its environmental impact is completed and a new regulatory regime is established to protect ocean resources.

Last week, U.S. Representative Ed Case (D-Hawaii) introduced two bills – one creating a moratorium on seabed mining in American waters, and one calling for an international moratorium.

Read the full article SeafoodSource

Pacific Ocean Deep-Sea Mining Could Threaten Tuna ‘Climate Refuge’

July 12, 2023 — A new study has found that deep-sea mining may pose a big threat to tuna species moving into the eastern Pacific Ocean as climate change pushes them into the open ocean.

Dr Diva Amon, a scientific researcher at the Benioff Ocean Science Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Director and Founder of NGO SpeSeas explains that climate pressures are expected to push bigeye, skipjack and yellowfin tuna from their current range near small, developing Pacific nations into a “climate refuge” in a deep-ocean zone of the eastern Pacific Ocean.

“These tuna are going to be leaving these Pacific Nations and moving into the high seas and progressively eastward,” she says, adding that the highly-mobile tuna might arrive to these new areas only to find it is already inhospitable due to deep-sea mining.

Read the full article at Forbes

Deep-sea mining poses potential threat to tuna fishing in Eastern Pacific Ocean

July 12, 2023 — Research published in the science journal Nature Ocean Sustainability has found deep-sea mining is likely to pose a threat to bigeye, skipjack, and yellowfin tuna populations in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

Climate change is pushing migratory tuna populations into geographies that overlap with areas allocated for deep-sea mining, according to the study, “Climate change to drive increasing overlap between Pacific tuna fisheries and emerging deep-sea mining industry,” published 11 July.

Read the full article at SeafoodSource

Hunt for deep sea minerals draws scrutiny amid green push

November 3, 2022 — High demand for metals ranging from copper to cobalt is pushing the mining industry to explore the world’s deepest oceans, a troubling development for scientists who warn that extracting minerals from critical ecosystems that help regulate climate could cause irreparable damage.

The issue will be in spotlight this week as dozens of scientists, lawyers and government officials gather in Jamaica to debate deep sea mining as part of a two-week conference organized by the International Seabed Authority, an independent body created by a United Nations treaty.

The organization is the global custodian for deep ocean waters that don’t fall within any country’s jurisdiction. It has issued 31 exploration licenses so far, and many worry the world’s first license to go the next step and mine international waters could soon be approved with no regulations currently in place.

Read the full article at the Associated Press

 

We May Know Less About The Deep Sea Than The Moon. Should It Be Mined?

October 21, 2021 — Much remains unknown about the long-term effects of deep-sea mining in the Pacific and its role in the greater climate crisis. Given that, activists, governments and the private sector support a 10-year moratorium on deep-sea mining.

Yet the Republic of Nauru has made its intentions clear: Within two years, it will start mining the deep sea of the Clarion Clipperton Zone.

The CCZ — between Hawaii and Kiribati, extending eastward towards Mexico — is just one area of interest for mining outfits, covering 4.5 million square kilometers of the Pacific.

The area is filled with seamounts and deep-sea mountains, home to minerals including manganese, cobalt and several other elements integral to batteries that power smartphones and electric vehicles, among other things.

Governments, such as the Cook Islands, along with private mining outfits, are also looking to do exploratory work in their own waters, which has caused concern due to the unknown fallout.

Read the full story at the Honolulu Civil Beat