Saving Seafood

Are harp seals responsible for the stalled recovery of Atlantic cod?

December 2, 2025 — In June 2024, the Canadian government lifted the moratorium on northern cod fishing in Newfoundland and Labrador after 32 years. The decision was controversial because cod numbers had not recovered since they collapsed in the early 1990s.

The collapse of Atlantic cod stocks in Newfoundland and Labrador had a huge impact on the economic and social fabric of the province. The subsequent fishing moratorium in 1992 put nearly 30,000 people in the province out of work.

Several explanations have been put forward for the stalled cod recovery, including environmental conditions, historical overfishing and prey availability.

Another explanation has identified predation by harp seals as the reason cod numbers have remained low. However, given the severity of historical overfishing that occurred, Atlantic cod population growth may be impaired by a number of factors.

The Northwest Atlantic harp seal population was estimated at 4.4 million in 2024, the second-largest seal population in the world. Fishermen have long been concerned about the amount of fish that harp seals consume. However, a 2014 Fisheries and Oceans Canada study concluded that harp seals do not strongly impact the northern cod stock.

The concerns of fishermen about the impact of seals on fish stocks were heard by the Canadian government. In September 2023, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans announced funding for independent seal science. It was through this funding opportunity that I recruited postdoctoral fellow Pablo Vajas and MSc student Hannah West to dive deeper into the issue.

Read the full article at The Conversation

NEFMC approves, resubmits controversial cod plan

October 16, 2025 — The New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC) has revised and resubmitted a controversial plan that will split the New England cod fishery into four individual stocks starting next year.

Amendment 25 would divide the New England cod population – which is currently managed as two stocks – into four distinct stocks for more precise management. Under the new plan, catch limits would be independently set for the four stocks: Eastern Gulf of Maine, Western Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, and Southern New England. The new plan also slashed the total allowable catch limit across all stocks by 43 percent to 382.9 metric tons (MT).

Read the full article at SeafoodSource

NOAA Fisheries extends emergency rule for Northeast cod and haddock fisheries

October 7, 2025 — NOAA Fisheries has extended an emergency action to keep the Northeast commercial multispecies fishery open, ensuring that New England groundfish harvesters can continue operating in the absence of regular management measures for the 2025 season.

“This inability to fish would result in substantial adverse economic impacts on vessel owners and operators, dealers, and the fishing communities that rely on them,” NOAA Fisheries noted in a Federal Register notice justifying the extension.

Read the full article at SeafoodSource

ASC adding Atlantic cod to certification program

September 26, 2025 — The Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) is adding Atlantic cod to its certification program in a move it said was directly requested following stakeholder consultations.

ASC said the species will be added to the certification program in Q4 2025 following a stakeholder consultation that ran from 20 May to 20 June 2025. The majority of the input on the consultation came from Norway – where most of the world’s fledgling cod-farming industry is located.

Read the full article at SeafoodSource

NEFMC to repackage new cod regulations, delay other priorities

July 11, 2025 — Frustrated members of the New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC) have voted to delay work on three priority groundfish projects in order to repackage and resubmit new cod fishery regulations, which were rejected at the last minute by the U.S. federal government on procedural grounds.

“Obviously, this is very frustrating, especially to everyone who put so much work into this effort,” Council Member Alan Tracey said at a June meeting. “It’s another example of where we’re put in a position where we really have no choice.”

The NEFMC has been working on a major change to New England’s commercial cod fishery, transitioning from a two-stock management plan to a four-stock management plan. The new plan would set separate catch limits for each stock – the Eastern Gulf of Maine, Western Gulf of Maine, Southern New England, and Georges Bank stocks – allowing regulators to more precisely manage the sustainability of the fishery.

Read the full article at SeafoodSource

New England For-Hire Groundfish Fleet Partners with NOAA Fisheries to Improve Cod Data

June 3, 2025 — Atlantic cod is a classic New England fish, found everywhere from roadside fish-and-chip stands to the Massachusetts State House. Under the Magnuson–Stevens Act, NOAA Fisheries fosters the long-term biological and economic sustainability of marine fisheries, including rebuilding overfished stocks. Currently Atlantic cod is considered overfished and rebuilding plans are in place to promote population growth. We recently teamed up with recreational fishermen and other partners to learn more about this iconic species.

Advancements in Understanding Cod Populations

The latest model of cod stock structure based on scientific advances in genetics, tagging, and biological characterization shows there are five biologically distinct cod populations from New Jersey to Canada, and four stock units. This new model allows managers to better tailor management to the specific needs of each stock to help populations recover.

Recreational Biological Sampling Fills Data Gaps

In light of these advancements, stock assessment scientists needed more biological data from the recreational fishing fleet. NOAA Fisheries teamed up with members of New England’s recreational for-hire fleet, the New England Aquarium, Pelagic Strategies, and the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission to fill those data gaps. The pilot study is called the Recreational Biological Sampling Program, or RecBio.

Read the full article at NOAA Fisheries 

Lutnick rejects plan to split New England’s cod stock – for now

June 2, 2025 — U.S. Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick has rejected the New England Fishery Management Council’s (NEFMC) plan to split the region’s cod population into four separate stocks, claiming it doesn’t ally with federal regulations.

NEFMC voted in December 2024 to pass Amendment 25, which would divide New England’s cod population into four distinct stocks: Eastern Gulf of Maine, Western Gulf of Maine, Southern New England, and Georges Bank. According to NEFMC, splitting the population would give fisheries regulators the ability to set allowable catch limits (ACLs) for each stock separately, giving them more fine control in how they manage the species.

Read the full article at SeafoodSource

Lutnick rejects NOAA rule to revise Atlantic cod management plan

May 29, 2025 — Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick rejected a scientifically vetted regulation to help protect Atlantic cod Wednesday, citing concerns about the proposed rule’s interference with a national policy to achieve “optimum yield” of highly sought-after commercial fish species.

The regulation — known as Amendment 25 — was crafted by the New England Fishery Management Council and supported by conservation organizations that said it was essential to accurately monitor cod populations that continue to be overfished.

It was opposed by two fishing industry groups that said the amendment needed to be reworked in a more “deliberative and informed way,” including language about annual catch limits and other restrictions.

Read the full article at E&E News

Commerce rejects New England council’s cod amendment

May 29, 2025 — U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnik disapproved the New England Fishery Management Council’s proposed Amendment 25 to the Northeast groundfish plan, sending it back to the council for revisions – or developing a new amendment.

The council proposed dividing the present two cod stocks into four geographic units, with new, separate annual catch limits (ACLs) for each units. The plan was protested by New England fishermen after the council’s approval in December 2024.

“These restrictions are going to be the end of the trawlers and anyone else buying fish,” New England Fishermen’s Stewardship Association (NEFSA) CEO Jerry Leeman said then. “Everyone in the fisheries expects Addendum 25 to torpedo their businesses.”

The National Marine Fisheries Service announced Lutnik’s decision in a May 28 statement. The amendment is disapproved “on the basis that Amendment 25 and its supporting analyses do not adequately demonstrate how the proposed action is consistent with National Standard 1 or other required provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Act,” according to the agency.

Read the full article at National Fisherman

NOAA slowdowns and new science delay the usual ‘scramble’ to set fishing catch limits

March 26, 2025 — The start of this year’s commercial fishing season could be a bust for fishermen who catch groundfish species like cod, haddock and flounder.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has yet to approve new catch limits for the season slated to open May 1. People in the fishing industry said the annual process has been delayed by changes to the science used to measure cod populations, and the Trump administration’s cuts to the agency.

Scallop fishery regulations also won’t be finalized by the season’s start on April 1. But since there aren’t new regulatory strategies under consideration like with cod, there are default catch limits in place for scallops. Scallopers are facing just 10 fewer fishing days at the start of the season.

Drew Minkiewicz, an attorney representing the Sustainable Scalloping Fund, said this “doesn’t have much of an impact” on the fishery. He’s expecting new limits to be approved within a week of the start of the season.

Scalloper Eric Hansen of New Bedford said he’s cautiously optimistic about an approval coming soon. He remembers a similar slowdown when the Biden administration took over four years ago.

“ If history repeats itself, it won’t be catastrophic,” he said. “And that’s a big if.”

Read the full article at wbur