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Fish More Vulnerable to Warming Water Than First Thought

July 2, 2020 — Global warming looks like it will be a bigger problem for the world’s fish species than scientists first thought: A new study shows that when fish are spawning or are embryos they are more vulnerable to hotter water.

With medium-level human-caused climate change expected by the end of the century, the world’s oceans, rivers and lakes will be too hot for about 40% of the world’s fish species in the spawning or embryonic life stages, according to a study in Thursday’s journal Science. That means they could go extinct or be forced to change how and where they live and reproduce.

Until now, biologists had just studied adult fish. For adult fish, around 2% to 3% of the species would be in the too-hot zone in the year 2100 with similar projected warming. So using this new approach reveals a previously unknown problem for the future of fish, scientists said.

Read the full story from the Associated Press at the New York Times

The Ocean’s Swirling Currents Are Migrating Poleward

March 2, 2020 — Enormous, swirling gyres compose some of the world’s biggest and most important ocean currents. Found in the North and South Pacific, the North and South Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean, these massive, rotating currents help transport heat and nutrients around the globe.

Now, new research suggests, they seem to be on the move.

A recent study, conducted by scientists from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany and the Ocean University of China, finds major ocean gyres are steadily creeping toward the poles. Since the 1980s, they’ve been migrating by about a half mile each year.

It’s already causing noticeable consequences, the researchers suggest.

For one thing, ocean gyres tend to alter the sea levels around them. Scientists have already observed a distinct band of higher-than-average sea levels in the midlatitudes, including along much of the U.S. East Coast—a phenomenon some experts have chalked up to regional warming patterns and related changes in the structure of the ocean. But the new study suggests the movement of ocean gyres may also be playing a role.

Gyres also help control the flow of heat and nutrients through the ocean. As they move, they can alter ocean ecosystems, affect certain fisheries and influence weather patterns. The study suggests the movement of gyres may already be linked to recent observed changes in the movement of hurricanes and the behavior of major atmospheric currents, like the jet streams.

Read the full story from E&E News at Scientific American

Acid threatens almighty cod

November 30, 2018 —Climate change could devastate a major northern hemisphere fishing industry, modelling finds.

For cod facing the effects of climate change, it’s not the heat but the acid that threatens.

Ocean acidification – caused by atmospheric carbon dioxide entering the water and lowering its pH value – means there’s a narrower thermal window for the success of two species of northern cod, meaning that one of the world’s largest fisheries will be threatened if global temperature increases are not limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius, a new study finds.

The researchers, led by Flemming Dahlke of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany, find that embryos of cod are able to survive only within a limited temperature range, and that the range lessens in more acidic conditions.

The researchers predict that Atlantic cod (Gadus morhuai) would be unable to spawn below the Arctic Circle by 2100 under a “business as usual” emissions scenario. The polar cod (Boreogadus saida) faces an even more perilous future, since it not only needs colder water, but also depends on ocean ice for its habitat.

Read the full story at Cosmos Magazine

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