March 25, 2026 — The loss of an observer aboard the groundfish dragger Lily Jean out of Gloucester, Mass., has increased scrutiny of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) observer program. The incident, one of approximately seven observer deaths in 50 years, illustrates how observers share many of the same risks as fishermen.
The NMFS observer programs began three years after President Richard Nixon and the US Congress established the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1970, and the existing Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was renamed the National Marine Fisheries Service. In 1973, NMFS started putting observers aboard foreign vessels as part of the North Pacific Foreign Fisheries Observer Program.
Initially, observers were placed on vessels only by invitation from host countries,” says the NOAA website on the history of its observer programs. After the 1976 passage of the Magnuson Stevens Act, foreign vessels had to accept observers, and by 1986, with the foreign vessels gone, NMFS began putting observers on U.S. boats.